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In Tanzania, tax collection is managed primarily by the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), which is responsible for administering tax laws and ensuring compliance with tax regulations in the country. The TRA plays a key role in revenue generation for the government, which is critical for financing public services, infrastructure development, and social programs.

Key Taxes in Tanzania

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   Income Tax

   • Personal Income Tax: This tax is levied on the income of individuals. The rates are progressive, meaning that higher income earners pay a higher percentage. The income tax applies to salaries, business profits, rental income, and other sources of income.
   • Corporate Income Tax: Businesses are subject to tax on their profits. The corporate tax rate is generally 30%, but there are exceptions for certain types of businesses, such as those in special economic zones or in the mining sector. 
    
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2. Value Added Tax (VAT)

   • VAT is applied to goods and services. The standard VAT rate is 18%. However, certain goods and services may be exempt from VAT or subject to reduced rates. For instance, essential goods like certain food items or health services may not be taxed.
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   Customs Duties and Import Taxes

   • Tanzania imposes customs duties on imported goods, which are collected at the border. The duties depend on the type of goods and their classification under the Harmonized System (HS) codes.

4. Excise Duties

   • Excise taxes are levied on specific goods like alcohol, tobacco, and petroleum products. These taxes are typically included in the price of the goods and collected at the point of production or importation.

5. Property Taxes

   • Local government authorities in Tanzania also collect property taxes. These taxes are typically levied on land and buildings. The rates are set by the local authorities and are based on the value of the property.

6. Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

   • This is the tax deducted from employees' salaries at the source by employers. It is part of the personal income tax system, where the employer withholds the tax on behalf of the government and remits it to the TRA.
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   Withholding Taxes

   • This type of tax is deducted at the source on certain payments, such as interest, dividends, and payments to non-resident contractors. The rates may vary depending on the type of payment.

8. Stamp Duty

   • Stamp duty is applied to documents such as contracts, agreements, and property transactions. The rates vary depending on the nature of the document.

Key Institutions Involved in Tax Collection

1. Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA)

   • The TRA is the main agency responsible for tax collection. It handles the collection of taxes, enforcement of tax laws, and providing taxpayer education.
   • The TRA uses both manual and electronic systems to monitor and collect taxes. The introduction of electronic tax systems has helped improve efficiency in tax administration.

2. Local Government Authorities (LGAs)

   • Local government authorities are responsible for collecting local taxes, including property taxes, market fees, and some business-related taxes.